< 2018

Summary of the experiences of Hungarian botanical gardens with terrestrial plant species
included in the European Union’s list of invasive alien species

A. Csecserits¹, S. Barabás², J. Csabai³, K. Devescovi⁴, K. Hanyecz⁵, M. Höhn², G. Kósa⁶, A. Németh⁷, L. Orlóci⁸,
L. Papp⁹, I. Pándi¹⁰, T. Ruborits¹¹, M. Sütöriné Dr. Diószegi¹², K. Szitár¹, Gy. Tihanyi¹³, L. Papp Jr.⁸

¹Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Centre for Ecological Research,
Institute of Ecology and Botany, Alkotmány u. 2-4, H-2163
Vácrátót; csecserits.aniko@okologi.mta.hu

²Szent István University, Faculty of Horticulture, Department of Botany
and Soroksár Botanical Garden, Villányi út 29-43, H-1118
Budapest; Barabas.Sandor@kertk.szie.hu

³University of Nyíregyháza, Tuzson János Botancal Garden, Sóstói út 31/B,
H-4400 Nyíregyháza; csabai.judit@nye.hu

⁴Research Institute for Medicinal Plants and Herbs Ltd., Luppa-szigeti út 4,
H-2011 Budakalász; info@gynki.hu

⁵Szent István University, Arboretum of Szarvas, I. Külterület 9.
H-5540 Szarvas; katalin.hanyecz@pepikert.hu

⁶Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Centre for Ecological Research, National
Botanical Garden, Alkotmány u. 2-4, H-2163 Vácrátót;
kosa.geza@okologia.mta.hu

⁷University of Szeged, Botanical Garden, Lövölde u. 42,
H-6726 Szeged; vnemeth@bio.u-szeged.hu

⁸Eötvös Loránd University, Botanical Garden, Illés u. 25,
H-1083 Budapest; papplaca@gmail.com

⁹University of Debrecen, Botanical Garden, Egyetem tér 1,
H-4032 Debrecen; papp.laszlo@gf.unideb.hu

¹⁰Szent István University, Gödöllő Botanical Garden, Páter Károly u. 1,
H-2100 Gödöllő; pandi.ildiko@gmail.com

¹¹Jeli Arboretum, Arborétumi út., H-9841 Kám;
ruborits_tamas@vasvar.szherdeszet.hu

¹²Szent István University, Arboretum of Buda, Villányi út 29-43, H-1118 Budapest;
Dioszegi_Magdolna@kertk.szie.hu

¹³Diószegi Sámuel Secondary School, Botanical Garden, Hollós u. 3,
H-4032 Debrecen; koskaroly@muveszeti-debrecen.sulinet.hu

Accepted: 23 January 2018

Key words: arboretum, Baccharis halimifolia, invasiveness, Lupinus polyphyllus, questionnaire, weed risk assessment.     

Besides the fragmentation, alteration and destruction of habitats by man, the spread of invasive alien species and their habitat transformation significantly contribute to the decline of biodiversity worldwide. The defense against invasive organisms can be effective only if the countries of a larger region act on together. Therefore, the European Union set up a common regulation in 2014. Within this framework, a list of species was published, against which common measures are necessary and possible. As the first step of defense, it is worth collecting the experience gathered formally in a country about the species on the list.

Botanical gardens have a long tradition in collecting horticultural and ecological knowledge on non-native plant species. For this reason, by using a questionnaire survey, we assessed the experiences of Hungarian botanical gardens on terrestrial plant species listed in the 2017/1263 executive regulation (list of invasive species dangerous for the whole EU) which are not yet widespread in Hungary.

From the studied nine terrestrial species, which are on the list of European Invasive Species, but absent or not widespread in Hungary, six are cultivated in the 13 respondent botanical gardens in Hungary. The saltbush (Baccharis halimifolia) is the most frequent appearing in seven gardens, while the Brazilian and Chilean giant rhubarb (Gunnera manicata and G. tinctoria, the two species treated as one taxon) and the large-leaved lupin (Lupinus polyphyllus) can be found in six gardens. According to our survey, it cannot be excluded for two species (saltbush and large-leaved lupin) that they can be able to spread spontaneously and can become invasive at least in some regions of Hungary. Botanical gardens provide an excellent opportunity for long-term observations on the biology and ecology of plant species which are rare or hardly feasible for ecological research. Thus, botanical gardens can play important role in the assessment of the invasive potential of alien plant species.

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